Hypertension

Blood pressure readings have two numbers. The top number, or systolic pressure, measures pressure in the arteries when the heart beats. The bottom number, or diastolic pressure, measures the pressure in arteries between heartbeats. 

A top number below 120 mmHG (millimeters of mercury) and a bottom number below 80 mmHG are considered normal. Elevated and high blood pressure ranges are as follows:

• Elevated blood pressure: 120–129 mmHG and below 80 mmHG
• Stage 1 hypertension: 130–139 mmHG or 80–89 mmHG
• Stage 2 hypertension: 140 mmHG or higher or 90 mmHG or higher

Pulmonary hypertension, often abbreviated as PH, is a condition characterized by elevated blood pressure within the arteries of the lungs and the right side of the heart. It is distinct from systemic hypertension, which affects the arteries throughout the rest of the body, and it typically requires specialized evaluation and management.

Pulmonary hypertension places increased strain on the right side of the heart and can progress over time if not properly treated, making early recognition and appropriate care essential.

Hypertension develops from a mix of genetic, lifestyle, and health factors rather than a single cause. Common contributors include poor diet, excess body weight or obesity, lack of exercise, smoking and excessive alcohol intake, chronic stress, kidney disease, and a family history of high blood pressure.

Anxiety can cause temporary spikes in blood pressure, particularly during stressful situations or medical visits. While anxiety alone does not typically cause chronic hypertension, prolonged stress and nervous system activation can contribute to sustained elevations over time. This is why diagnosis relies on multiple readings rather than a single measurement.

Hypertension usually can’t be cured, but it can be effectively managed with treatment. In some cases, lifestyle changes and early intervention can significantly reduce blood pressure and decrease the need for medication. Long-term control depends on consistent monitoring and individualized care.